| 31 | Tennis | Tenis | Tennis is a sport usually played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a racket that is strung to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent’s court. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society at all ages. The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including people in wheelchairs.
The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England in the late 19th century as “lawn tennis” which has close connections to various field/lawn games as well as to the ancient game of real tennis. Up to then, “tennis” referred to the latter sport: for example, in Disraeli‘s novel Sybil (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will “go down to Hampton Court and play tennis. As it is the Derby [classic horse race], nobody will be there”. After its creation, lawn tennis spread throughout the upper-class English-speaking population before spreading around the world. | Tenis, raket ve topla iki kişi arasında ya da ikişer kişilik iki takım arasında oynanan olimpik bir spor. Oyuncular raketleri ile içi boş lastik bir topu ağ (net) üzerinden rakibinin sahasına (korta) atmaya çalışırlar. Kurallar dahilinde en çok puanı alan oyuncu kazanır.
Kökleri Ortaçağ Fransa'sında elle oynanan bir oyuna dayanan ancak bugünküne oldukça yakın şekilde 1800'lü yıllar İngiltere'sinde oynanmaya başlayan oyun, öncelikle İngilizce konuşulan ülkelerde yayılmıştır. Tenis bugün bir olimpiyat sporu olup, her seviyeden, her yaştan ve her ülkeden oyuncusu bulunmaktadır.
Tenis dikdörtgen düz bir kortta genellikle beton (sert), kil (toprak), çim veya ahşap bir yüzeyde oynanır. Profesyonel teniste kortlar belirli ölçülere göre yapılmak zorundadır. |
| 32 | Triatlon | Triatlon | A triathlon is a multi-sport event involving the completion of three continuous and sequential endurance events. While many variations of the sport exist, triathlon, in its most popular form, involves swimming, cycling, and running in immediate succession over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion time, including timed “transitions” between the individual swim, bike, and run components. | Triathlon kelimesi eski Yunanca kökenlidir. 3 branş bir arada yapılan bir spor demektir. Bu branşlar sırasıyla yüzme, bisiklet ve koşunun peşi sıra yapılmasıdır. Ferdi bir spordur ve sporcu her bir branşa ait mesafeyi bitirir bitirmez kurallara uygun kıyafetlerini giymek için, belirli kuralara uymak şartı ile, değişim alanına girer ve diğer branşa başlar. Yani sporcu sadece bir branşta başarılı olması yetmez, diğer branşlara ait antrenmanları da yapmak ve kas gruplarını çalıştırmak zorundadır. Ayrıca taktik ve teknik seviyesini en üst düzeyde tutarak hem enerjisini hem de dayanıklılığını korumak zorundadır.
Mesela; Yüzme sırasında sporcular genelde açık deniz veya göllerde yüzdükleri ve belirli bir şamandıra ile işaretli parkuru takip ettikleri için, normal havuz yüzücülüğünden daha farklı bir teknik kullanırlar. Yüzdükleri deniz/gölün akıntısı, dalga boyu ve en önemlisi yanındaki, arkasındaki ve önündeki sporcunun dalgası ve vücudu hem engel olmakta hem de avantaj ya da dezavantaj yaratmaktadır. Yüzücüler “Yunus Vuruşu” denilen teknikle sudan kafalarını çıkarmak ve dubalarla işaretli parkuru takip etmektedirler. Sporcu belli bir yüzme stili ile değil, her stilde yüzebilir. |
| 33 | Beach volleyball | Voleybol(plaj) | Beach volleyball, or sand volleyball, is an Olympic team sport played by two teams of two players on a sand court divided by a net.
As in indoor volleyball, the object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to ground it on the opponent’s court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent. A team is allowed up to three touches to return the ball. The ball is put in play with a service—a hit by the server from behind the rear court boundary over the net to the opponents. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes “out”, or is not returned properly.
The team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System), and serves to start the following rally. The four players serve in the same sequence throughout the match, changing server each time a rally is won by the receiving team.
Originating in the US states of California (Southern California) and Hawaii, beach volleyball has achieved worldwide popularity. | Plaj voleybolu kumun üzerinde oynanan popüler bir takım oyunu/sporudur. Dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde kumsallarda, doğal ya da yapay kum sahada çıplak ayakla oynanır. Voleybolda bir takımda 6 kişi bulunurken plaj voleybolunda 2 kişilik takımlar karşılaşır. Her yarı sahanın boyu 8 metredir (voleybolda 9 metre). Kurallar ve düzende de farklılıklar vardır. |
| 34 | Volleyball | Voleybol(salon) | Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964.
A scene of volleyball play in an Erwadi village.
The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court. | Voleybol, file ile ikiye bölünmüş bir oyun alanı üzerinde iki takım tarafından topla oynanan bir spordur.
Oyunun amacı, topu filenin üzerinden göndererek rakip takımın oyun alanına değmesini sağlamak ve rakip takımın aynı amaca ulaşmasını ise önlemektir. Takımların topu rakip alana gönderirken topa en az bir kere kendi sahaları içinde vurulmalıdır.En fazla üç kere değebilirler blok teması ile 4 kere değme hakları vardır
Top oyuna servis ile sokulur, servisi atan oyuncu topu filenin üzerinden rakip alana gönderir. Rally, topun oyun alanına değmesi, harice gitmesi veya bir takımın hata yapmasına kadar devam eder.
Voleybolda bir rally kazanan takım bir sayı alır (Rally Sayı Sistemi). Servisi karşılayan takım rallyi kazandığında bir sayı ve servis kullanma hakkı kazanır. Hakem oyuncuların birine sarı kart verir ise oyuncunun bulunduğu takım 1 sayı ceza alır eğer servis onlarda ise servis haklarını kaybederler hakem kırmızı kart verir ise kırmızı kart yiyen, o setliğine oyundan çıkar . Ve oyuncuları saat yönünde bir pozisyona dönerler. |
| 35 | Sailing | Yelken | Sailing is the propulsion of a vehicle and the control of its movement with large (usually fabric) foils called sails. By changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centreboard, a sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails in order to move the vessel relative to its surrounding medium (typically water, but also land and ice) and change its direction and speed. Mastery of the skill requires experience in varying wind and sea conditions, as well as knowledge concerning sailboats themselves and an understanding of one's surroundings.
While there are still some places in the world where sail-powered passenger, fishing and trading vessels are used, these craft have become rarer as internal combustion engines have become economically viable in even the poorest and most remote areas. In most countries sailing is enjoyed as a recreational activity or as a sport. Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising. Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips, coastal sailing within sight of land, and daysailing. | Yelken, rüzgâr gücünden yararlanarak geniş yüzey oluşturacak biçimde yan yana dikilen ve teknenin direğine uygun biçimde takılarak onu hareket ettiren kumaş veya şeritlerin tümü. |
| 36 | Cycling road | Yol bisikleti | Road Cycling is the most widespread form of cycling. It includes recreational, racing, and utility cycling. Road cyclists are generally expected to obey the same rules and laws as other vehicle drivers or riders and may also be vehicular cyclists.
Road cycling, which may also be referred to as road biking, bicycling or simply biking is an activity most commonly performed on a bicycle. There are many types of bicycles that are used on the roads including: BMX, recumbents, racing, touring and utility bicycles.
Dedicated road bicycles have drop handlebars and multiple gears, although there are single and fixed gear varieties. Road bikes also use narrow, high-pressure tires to decrease rolling resistance, and tend to be somewhat lighter than other types of bicycle. The drop handlebars are often positioned lower than the saddle in order to put the rider in a more aerodynamic position. The light weight and aerodynamics of a road bike allows this type of bicycle to be the second most efficient self-powered means of transportation, behind only recumbent bicycles due to the latter's higher aerodynamic efficiency.
Mountain bikes fitted with slick or semi-slick are also popular for commuters. Though less efficient, the upright riding position allows the cyclist a better view of traffic, and they can also be readily fitted with mudguards, cargo racks and other accessories. | Erkekler arası amatör bisiklet yarışları, 1896'dan beri Olimpiyat Oyunları’nda yer alır. Kadınlar arası yol yarışları ise 1984’te Olimpiyat Oyunları kapsamına alınmıştır. Bisiklet sporunda ayrıca amatör ve profesyonel dallarda dünya şampiyonaları düzenlenmektedir. |
| 37 | Swimming | Yüzme | Freestyle is a category of swimming competition, defined by the rules of the International Swimming Federation (FINA), in which competitors are subject to only limited restrictions on their swimming stroke. (In other words, they have great freedom with respect to their swimming style.) The stroke used almost universally in freestyle races is the front crawl, as this style is generally the fastest. This swimming style is also the most common and has greater distances, such as 1500M or the 1650 yard swim. For this reason, the term freestyle is sometimes used as a synonym for front crawl. | Yüzme sporu, uluslararası standartlarda boyutu olan (50 metre, 8 kulvar) havuzlarda bedenin kulaç ve ayak hareketlerinden başka bir yardım almadan, her yarışmacının kendi kulvarında, serbest, sırtüstü, kelebek ve kurbağa stillerinin her birinde veya dördü birden karışık olarak, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500 metrelerde bireysel veya ekip olarak yaptıkları yarışmaya denir. |
| 38 | Golf | Golf | Golf is a precision club and ball sport in which competing players (or golfers) use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course using as few strokes as possible. Golf is defined, in the rules of golf, as "playing a ball with a club from the teeing ground into the hole by a stroke or successive strokes in accordance with the Rules."
It is one of the few ball games that do not require a standardized playing area. Instead, the game is played on a course, in general consisting of an arranged progression of either nine or 18 holes. Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole. There are various other standardized forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough, and hazards, but each hole on a course, and indeed among virtually all courses, is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.
Golf competition is generally played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known simply as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes during a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play. Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at virtually all levels of play, although variations of match play, such as "skins" games, are also seen in televised events. Other forms of scoring also exist. | Golf, doğada özel olarak yapılmış bir sahada golf sopaları ve küçük sert bir topla oynanan bir oyundur. Oyunun amacı, sahanın belirlenmiş 18 parkurunu (çukurunu) golf topuna en az vuruş yaparak tamamlamaktır. |
| 39 | Rugby | Rugby | Rugby football is a style of football that developed at Rugby School and was one of several versions of football played at English public schools during the 19th century. The two main types of rugby are rugby league and rugby union. Although these two forms share the same objective of getting the ball over the line to score a try, the specific rules are different. | Rugby, 15′er kişilik iki takımla bir devresi 40dk olmak üzere iki devre olarak oynanan, ileriye pas vermenin yasak olduğu, topu elle rakip kale çizgisinin arkasına taşımayı hedefleyen sert bir spordur. |
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