82801 | July 21 | Death | 2015 – Nicholas Gonzalez, American physician (b. 1947) |
82802 | July 21 | Death | 2015 – Czesław Marchaj, Polish-English sailor and academic (b. 1918) |
82803 | July 21 | Death | 2015 – Dick Nanninga, Dutch footballer (b. 1949) |
82804 | July 21 | Holiday and observance | Christian feast day:Albert John Luthuli (Episcopal Church)ArbogastDaniel (Catholic Church)Carlos of Brazil (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church)Lawrence of BrindisiPraxedesVictor of MarseillesJuly 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) |
82805 | July 21 | Holiday and observance | Liberation Day in 1944 (Guam) |
82806 | July 21 | Holiday and observance | National Day, celebrates the inauguration of Léopold I, the first king of the Belgians, after its independence from the Netherlands on October 4, 1830. (Belgium) |
82807 | July 21 | Holiday and observance | Racial Harmony Day (Singapore) |
82808 | July 21 | Holiday and observance | Summer Kazanskaya (Russia) |
82809 | July 22 | Event | 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. |
82810 | July 22 | Event | 1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem. |
82811 | July 22 | Event | 1209 – Massacre at Béziers: The first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade. |
82812 | July 22 | Event | 1298 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk. |
82813 | July 22 | Event | 1456 – Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade: John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire |
82814 | July 22 | Event | 1484 – Battle of Lochmaben Fair: A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland Douglas is captured. |
82815 | July 22 | Event | 1499 – Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. |
82816 | July 22 | Event | 1587 – Roanoke Colony: A second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony. |
82817 | July 22 | Event | 1686 – Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan. |
82818 | July 22 | Event | 1706 – The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each countries' Parliaments, led to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain. |
82819 | July 22 | Event | 1793 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of Canada. |
82820 | July 22 | Event | 1796 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party. |
82821 | July 22 | Event | 1797 – Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated. |
82822 | July 22 | Event | 1802 – Emperor Gia Long conquers Hanoi and unified Viet Nam, which had experienced centuries of feudal warfare. |
82823 | July 22 | Event | 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Cape Finisterre: An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Cal |
82824 | July 22 | Event | 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain. |
82825 | July 22 | Event | 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta: Outside Atlanta, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill. |
82826 | July 22 | Event | 1894 – The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but the 'official' victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his 3 hp petrol engined Peugeot. |
82827 | July 22 | Event | 1916 – Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40. |
82828 | July 22 | Event | 1934 – Outside Chicago's Biograph Theater, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents. |
82829 | July 22 | Event | 1937 – New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States. |
82830 | July 22 | Event | 1942 – The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands. |