| 95641 | August 23 | Event | 1923 – Captain Lowell Smith and Lieutenant John P. Richter performed the first mid-air refueling on De Havilland DH-4B, setting an endurance flight record of 37 hours. |
| 95642 | August 23 | Event | 1927 – Italian anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti are executed after a lengthy, controversial trial. |
| 95643 | August 23 | Event | 1929 – Hebron Massacre during the 1929 Palestine riots: Arab attack on the Jewish community in Hebron in the British Mandate of Palestine, continuing until the next day, resulted in the death of 65–68 Jews and the remaining Jews being forced to leave the |
| 95644 | August 23 | Event | 1938 – English cricketer Len Hutton sets a world record for the highest individual Test innings of 364, during a Test match against Australia. |
| 95645 | August 23 | Event | 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression treaty, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. In a secret addition to the pact, the Baltic states, Finland, Romania, and Poland are divided between the two nations. |
| 95646 | August 23 | Event | 1942 – World War II: Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad. |
| 95647 | August 23 | Event | 1943 – World War II: Kharkov is liberated as a result of the Battle of Kursk. |
| 95648 | August 23 | Event | 1944 – World War II: Marseille is liberated by the Allies. |
| 95649 | August 23 | Event | 1944 – World War II: King Michael of Romania dismisses the pro-Nazi government of Marshal Antonescu, who is arrested. Romania switches sides from the Axis to the Allies. |
| 95650 | August 23 | Event | 1944 – Freckleton Air Disaster: A United States Army Air Forces B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into a school in Freckleton, England killing 61 people. |
| 95651 | August 23 | Event | 1945 – Soviet–Japanese War: The USSR State Defense Committee issues Decree no. 9898cc "About Receiving, Accommodation, and Labor Utilization of the Japanese Army Prisoners of War". |
| 95652 | August 23 | Event | 1946 – Ordinance No. 46 of the British Military Government constitutes the German Länder (states) of Hanover and Schleswig-Holstein. |
| 95653 | August 23 | Event | 1948 – World Council of Churches is formed. |
| 95654 | August 23 | Event | 1954 – First flight of the C-130 Hercules transport aircraft. |
| 95655 | August 23 | Event | 1958 – Chinese Civil War: The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis begins with the People's Liberation Army's bombardment of Quemoy. |
| 95656 | August 23 | Event | 1966 – Lunar Orbiter 1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon. |
| 95657 | August 23 | Event | 1970 – Organized by Mexican American labor union leader César Chávez, the Salad Bowl strike, the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history, begins. |
| 95658 | August 23 | Event | 1973 – A bank robbery gone wrong in Stockholm, Sweden, turns into a hostage crisis over the next five days the hostages begin to sympathise with their captors, leading to the term "Stockholm syndrome". |
| 95659 | August 23 | Event | 1977 – The Gossamer Condor wins the Kremer prize for human powered flight. |
| 95660 | August 23 | Event | 1982 – Bachir Gemayel is elected Lebanese President amidst the raging civil war. |
| 95661 | August 23 | Event | 1985 – Hans Tiedge, top counter-spy of West Germany, defects to East Germany. |
| 95662 | August 23 | Event | 1987 – The American male basketball team lost the gold medal to Brazilian team at the Pan American Games in Indianapolis. The final score was 120–115 and triggered changes in this sport basis in USA, resulting in the "Dream Team". |
| 95663 | August 23 | Event | 1989 – Singing Revolution: Two million people from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stand on the Vilnius–Tallinn road, holding hands (Baltic Way). |
| 95664 | August 23 | Event | 1989 – One thousand six hundred forty-five Australian domestic airline pilots resign after the airlines threaten to fire them and sue them over a dispute. |
| 95665 | August 23 | Event | 1990 – Saddam Hussein appears on Iraqi state television with a number of Western "guests" (actually hostages) to try to prevent the Gulf War. |
| 95666 | August 23 | Event | 1990 – Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet Union. |
| 95667 | August 23 | Event | 1990 – West Germany and East Germany announce that they will reunite on October 3. |
| 95668 | August 23 | Event | 1991 – Tim Berners-Lee opens the WWW, World Wide Web to new users. |
| 95669 | August 23 | Event | 1993 – The Galileo spacecraft discovers a moon, later named Dactyl, around 243 Ida, the first known asteroid moon. |
| 95670 | August 23 | Event | 1994 – Eugene Bullard, the only black pilot in World War I, is posthumously commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the United States Air Force. |