| 10591 | January 25 | Death | 2015 – Demis Roussos, Egyptian-Greek singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1946) |
| 10592 | January 25 | Holiday and observance | Burns Night (Scotland and Scottish community) |
| 10593 | January 25 | Holiday and observance | Christian feast day:Dydd Santes Dwynwen, Welsh Valentine's Day (Wales)Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul (Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran churches, which concludes the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity)Gregor |
| 10594 | January 25 | Holiday and observance | Criminon Day (Scientology) |
| 10595 | January 25 | Holiday and observance | Earliest day on which the first day of Carnival of Cádiz can fall, while February 28 is the latest celebrated two Sundays before Ash Wednesday until Ash Wednesday (Cádiz) |
| 10596 | January 25 | Holiday and observance | National Voters' Day (India) |
| 10597 | January 25 | Holiday and observance | Opposite Day |
| 10598 | January 25 | Holiday and observance | Tatiana Day (Russia) |
| 10599 | January 26 | Event | 1500 – Vicente Yáñez Pinzón becomes the first European to set foot on Brazil. |
| 10600 | January 26 | Event | 1531 – Lisbon, Portugal is hit by an earthquake—thousands die. |
| 10601 | January 26 | Event | 1564 – The Council of Trent issues its conclusions in the Tridentinum, establishing a distinction between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. |
| 10602 | January 26 | Event | 1564 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Tsardom of Russia in the Battle of Ula during the Livonian War. |
| 10603 | January 26 | Event | 1565 – Battle of Talikota, fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Islamic sultanates of the Deccan, leads to the subjugation, and eventual destruction of the last Hindu kingdom in India, and the consolidation of Islamic rule over much of the India |
| 10604 | January 26 | Event | 1589 – Job is elected as Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. |
| 10605 | January 26 | Event | 1699 – Treaty of Karlowitz is signed. |
| 10606 | January 26 | Event | 1700 – The magnitude 9 Cascadia earthquake takes place off the west coast of North America, as evidenced by Japanese records. |
| 10607 | January 26 | Event | 1736 – Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. |
| 10608 | January 26 | Event | 1788 – The British First Fleet, led by Arthur Phillip, sails into Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) to establish Sydney, the first permanent European settlement on the continent. Commemorated as Australia Day. |
| 10609 | January 26 | Event | 1808 – Rum Rebellion, the only successful (albeit short-lived) armed takeover of the government in Australia. |
| 10610 | January 26 | Event | 1837 – Michigan is admitted as the 26th U.S. state. |
| 10611 | January 26 | Event | 1838 – Tennessee enacts the first prohibition law in the United States |
| 10612 | January 26 | Event | 1841 – The United Kingdom formally occupies Hong Kong, which China later formally cedes. |
| 10613 | January 26 | Event | 1855 – Point No Point Treaty is signed in Washington Territory. |
| 10614 | January 26 | Event | 1856 – First Battle of Seattle. Marines from the USS Decatur drive off American Indian attackers after all day battle with settlers. |
| 10615 | January 26 | Event | 1861 – American Civil War: The state of Louisiana secedes from the Union. |
| 10616 | January 26 | Event | 1863 – American Civil War: General Ambrose Burnside is relieved of command of the Army of the Potomac after the disastrous Fredericksburg campaign. He is replaced by Joseph Hooker. |
| 10617 | January 26 | Event | 1863 – American Civil War: Governor of Massachusetts John Albion Andrew receives permission from the Secretary of War to raise a militia organization for men of African descent. |
| 10618 | January 26 | Event | 1870 – American Civil War: Virginia rejoins the Union. |
| 10619 | January 26 | Event | 1885 – Troops loyal to The Mahdi conquer Khartoum, killing the Governor-General Charles George Gordon. |
| 10620 | January 26 | Event | 1905 – The world's largest diamond ever, the Cullinan weighing 3,106.75 carats (0.621350 kg), is found at the Premier Mine near Pretoria in South Africa. |