| 12541 | January 31 | Birth | 1996 – Joel Courtney, American actor |
| 12542 | January 31 | Death | 632 – Máedóc of Ferns, Irish bishop and saint (b. 550) |
| 12543 | January 31 | Death | 1216 – Theodore II of Constantinople |
| 12544 | January 31 | Death | 1398 – Emperor Sukō of Japan (b. 1334) |
| 12545 | January 31 | Death | 1418 – Mircea I of Wallachia (b. 1355) |
| 12546 | January 31 | Death | 1435 – Xuande Emperor of China (b. 1398) |
| 12547 | January 31 | Death | 1561 – Bairam Khan, Mughalan general (b. 1501) |
| 12548 | January 31 | Death | 1561 – Menno Simons, Dutch minister and theologian (b. 1496) |
| 12549 | January 31 | Death | 1580 – Henry, King of Portugal (b. 1512) |
| 12550 | January 31 | Death | 1606 – Guy Fawkes, English conspirator, leader of the Gunpowder Plot (b. 1570) |
| 12551 | January 31 | Death | 1606 – Ambrose Rookwood, English conspirator (b. 1578) |
| 12552 | January 31 | Death | 1606 – Thomas Wintour, English conspirator (b. 1571) |
| 12553 | January 31 | Death | 1615 – Claudio Acquaviva, Italian priest, 5th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1543) |
| 12554 | January 31 | Death | 1615 – Henry Grey, 6th Earl of Kent, English peer (b. 1541) |
| 12555 | January 31 | Death | 1632 – Jost Bürgi, Swiss clockmaker and mathematician (b. 1552) |
| 12556 | January 31 | Death | 1665 – Johannes Clauberg, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1622) |
| 12557 | January 31 | Death | 1686 – Jean Mairet, French playwright (b. 1604) |
| 12558 | January 31 | Death | 1720 – Thomas Grey, 2nd Earl of Stamford, English politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1654) |
| 12559 | January 31 | Death | 1729 – Jacob Roggeveen, Dutch explorer (b. 1659) |
| 12560 | January 31 | Death | 1736 – Filippo Juvarra, Italian architect, designed the Basilica of Superga (b. 1678) |
| 12561 | January 31 | Death | 1788 – Charles Edward Stuart, Italian husband of Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern (b. 1720) |
| 12562 | January 31 | Death | 1790 – Thomas Lewis, Irish-American lawyer and surveyor (b. 1718) |
| 12563 | January 31 | Death | 1794 – Mariot Arbuthnot, English admiral and politician, 12th Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (b. 1711) |
| 12564 | January 31 | Death | 1811 – Manuel Alberti, Argentinian priest and journalist (b. 1763) |
| 12565 | January 31 | Death | 1815 – José Félix Ribas, Venezuelan soldier (b. 1775) |
| 12566 | January 31 | Death | 1828 – Alexander Ypsilantis, Greek general (b. 1792) |
| 12567 | January 31 | Death | 1836 – John Cheyne, English physician and author (b. 1777) |
| 12568 | January 31 | Death | 1844 – Henri Gatien Bertrand, French general (b. 1773) |
| 12569 | January 31 | Death | 1856 – 11th Dalai Lama (b. 1838) |
| 12570 | January 31 | Death | 1870 – Cilibi Moise, Moldavian-Romanian journalist and author (b. 1812) |